This invention relates to slot machines and, in particular, to a variable award multiplier feature for a slot machine.
Slot machines employing mechanical reels or video reels are the most popular gaming machines in a casino. Details of such conventional slot machines are found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,095,795 to Saxton et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 4,448,419 to Telnaes; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,573,681 to Okada, all incorporated herein by reference.
Sigma Game Inc., is a privately held company based in Las Vegas. Sigma has a strong background of innovation and quality in the gaming machine industry, and is a leader in the manufacture, distribution and service of technologically advanced reel slot and video gaming machines. Sigma serves every major casino market in the United States and also serves the Caribbean, Central America, South America and Canada.
Although prior art slot machines are attractive, there is a constant need to increase revenue generated by the machines. Such an increase is typically met by enhancing the machines' appeal to the players. Accordingly, what is needed is a slot machine with more player appeal.
An improvement on a slot machine is described herein which allows a player to participate in an additional game of chance, namely a variable bonus multiplier (VBM) determination, to obtain an award multiplication factor that multiplies the award for a previous play. The invention may be implemented by relatively minor changes in a prior art slot machine's firmware/software program and pay-table ROM and the addition of a multiplier display.
In the preferred embodiment, the multiplier feature is initiated by the display of a special symbol in a winning combination of symbols. The multiplier factor is generated using a weighted probability routine that assigns unequal probabilities to the possible multiplication factors. Thus, the lower multiplication factors will have a higher probability of being selected than the higher multiplication factors. This results in greater player appeal without incurring a significantly increased payout/pay-in ratio.
FIG. 1 illustrates the functional units for a slot machine in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a slot machine incorporating one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a detailed view of display area 34 in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating the basic steps carried out by a slot machine in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a slot machine incorporating an alternate embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a video slot machine incorporating one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 1 illustrates well known functional units in a modern slot machine 10 as well as the variable bonus multiplier (VBM) feature of the present invention. In slot machine 10, each of the reels 12, 13, and 14 has a variety of symbols printed on its periphery. Each of the reels 12-14 is driven by a separate stepper motor 16 which rotates in response to signals from a CPU 18. A driver 19 issues pulses to motors 16 to rotate as commanded by CPU 18.
The number of pulses delivered to each stepper motor 16 determines the stopping positions of the reels 12-14 and thus determines the award to be paid out to the player. In many modern slot machines, the stopping positions of the reels 12-14 are predetermined using a random number generator (RNG) 20 consisting of a random number generator program in the program ROM 21 carried out by the CPU 18. The RNG 20 is shown separately in FIG. 1 for clarity. ROM 21 (or other memory device) also contains the instructions for carrying out the game. The required number of pulses to the three stepper motors 16 are then generated to display the symbol combination at the predetermined reel positions.
In one known technique, the number of pulses are counted to determine the final position of the reels. In another technique, each of the reels has tabs or other light shielding portions that are sensed by a photodetector to determine the angular displacement of the reel and thus the final displayed symbol. Other means for detecting the positions of the reels exist and are well known.
A money detector 22, which may detect coins or other currency, issues a command to the CPU 18 that the slot machine 10 is ready to be played. The player may then pull a handle 24 or press a button to initiate play.
After the CPU 18 determines the final stop positions and the reels have stopped, the stop positions are then applied to a pay-table ROM 26, which cross-references the final displayed symbols (or reel stop positions) with a monetary payout to the player. This payout is then conveyed to a payout mechanism 28 which issues coins or credits to the player. If credits are issued, a credit display 30 is incremented.
The above general description of a modern slot machine is well known in the art, and such a programmable machine offers significant advantages. The operation of a slot machine is varied by simply changing the operating program in the program ROM 21 and the award program in the pay-table ROM 26. The front glass of the slot machine is also changeable to convey particular features of the machine.
FIG. 1 also illustrates an additional feature of a slot machine in accordance with the present invention. This feature will be referred to as a variable bonus multiplier (VBM), which randomly multiplies an award when certain conditions are met. The multiplier is displayed by a VBM display 32. An example of such an award multiplier condition is a winning combination of symbols that includes a special bonus symbol. The VBM feature may be initiated by pressing a button, or, alternatively, the machine may automatically initiate the VBM feature to randomly select an award multiplier.
A description of one embodiment of the invention will be presented with reference to FIG. 1, the slot machine of FIG. 2, the display area enlargement of FIG. 3, and the flow chart of the slot machine operation in FIG. 4. Elements identified with the same numerals in the various figures may be identical and will not be redundantly described.
In step 100 in FIG. 4, a coin is deposited through slot 57 (FIG. 2) and is detected by the coin detector 22. A paper currency slot and reader 59 may also be incorporated in the slot machine of FIG. 2. The detection of the coin and the pulling of handle 24, or the pressing of button 62 by the player, initiates a next game, as indicated in step 102 of FIG. 4.
The CPU 18 (FIG. 1), under control of the program ROM 21, rotates the reels 12-14 by causing pulses to be issued to the stepper motors 16, as indicated by step 104 in FIG. 4. In step 106, a random number generator 20 selects the final reel positions for reels 12-14. CPU 18 issues the required number of pulses to stepper motors 16 in order to cause the reels 12-14 to stop at their predetermined stop positions. The positions of the reels 12-14 may be determined by various techniques, as previously described. In step 108, the reels are stopped at their selected positions.
The reels are displayed through display windows 52, 54, and 56 in FIG. 2. A slot machine incorporating this invention may include more than three reels. In the particular embodiment shown in FIG. 2, three consecutive symbols on each of reels 12-14 are displayed through the display windows 52, 54, and 56 of display area 34. A symbol may be any image and may even be a blank.
A payline 50 is printed on the display glass of the slot machine. A slot machine may have more than one payline printed on the display glass to identify the paylines that are applicable for a particular play. In such an embodiment, the deposit of one coin will activate payline 50, and additional coins will activate the additional paylines. A winning combination of symbols appearing across any activated payline will result in a win for that player.
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The operation of the disclosed slot machine, thus far, has been that of a conventional slot machine.
Once the reels are stopped at their selected positions, CPU 18 addresses pay-table ROM 26, based on the number of coins played and the final reel positions, to determine if the selected combination of symbols is a winning combination, as shown in step 114. If the selected combination of symbols is not a winning combination, the game ends, as shown in step 116.
However, in one embodiment of the present invention, if the combination is a winner, the program contained in program ROM 21 also controls the machine to determine if one or more variable bonus multiplier (VBM) symbols 58 (FIG. 3) are included in the winning combination, as shown in step 120. If a VBM symbol is not included, the program instructs CPU 18 to pay the winnings based on the number of coins played and the winning combination of symbols as specified in pay-table ROM 26, as shown in step 121, and activates payout mechanism 28 to pay the player. Alternatively, credit display 30 may be incremented by the appropriate number of credits. The game then ends.
If the VBM symbol 58 is present, the program initiates cycling of the VBM display 32 (FIGS. 1 and 2), as shown in step 122, by, for example, illuminating the VBM display 32. Alternatively, a display element (e.g., a flashing display on the display glass) may instruct the player to initiate the VBM display cycling by pulling handle 24 or depressing a button.
In one embodiment, when the VBM feature is initiated, the bonus multiplier value is selected using a weighted random number generator (RNG) 123 (FIG. 1) consisting of an RNG program in the program ROM 21 carried out by the CPU 18, as shown in step 124. This weighted RNG 123 is shown as a separate function in FIG. 1 for clarity. This function may be carried out by the same or a different method than that used to select the reel stopping positions. Using a weighted RNG program, the probability of each possible outcome is not equal. Hence, the probability of the VBM doubling the award can be set to be higher than that of the VBM generating a greater multiplier. One method for implementing such a weighted RNG is to assign numbers to each possible multiplier value, where more numbers are assigned to the lower multiplier values. A random number generator will then have a higher likelihood of selecting a number assigned to a lower value multiplier than selecting a number assigned to a high value multiplier.
The selection of a VBM value in step 124 may occur before the VBM display is cycled, anytime during the cycling, or anytime during a game.
In step 126, CPU 18 then stops the cycling of the VBM display 32 at the predetermined bonus multiplier value. The award payout is determined by CPU 18, in conjunction with the pay-table ROM 26, based on the number of coins played, the award for the winning combination of symbols, and the bonus multiplier value. The payout mechanism 28 or the credit display 30 is then activated to pay the player, as shown in step 128.
If more than one VBM symbol 58 is shown on the payline 50, the award is multiplied by the bonus multiplier value times the number of VBM symbols obtained. In another embodiment, the award is multiplied by a separately generated bonus multiplier value for each VBM symbol obtained. The game then ends in step 116.
In another embodiment, no special symbol 58 is needed to initiate the VBM feature. The RNG for the VBM feature may also be any conventional pseudo-random number generator and need not be a weighted RNG.
In the preferred embodiment the physical VBM display 32 is 3-dimensional and consists of a series of concentric rings 66 (FIG. 2) arranged with the smallest diameter ring at the greatest depth. When the VBM display 32 is activated, the rings light cyclically in sequence from the largest diameter to the smallest. Alternatively, sequential or non-sequential illumination schemes are also possible. For example, the rings may be illuminated in a random fashion. The illumination sequence is designed so that there is anticipation and excitement in waiting for it to stop.
Each ring 66 represents a single bonus multiplier value, e.g., 1×, 2×, 3×, 4×, or 5×. More or fewer rings and/or multiplier values are also included within the scope of the present invention.
The rings may also be in a single flat plane.
The present invention adds an additional level of chance and excitement in a way calculated to increase machine revenue yet will not significantly increase the average pay out/in ratio due to the weighted RNG controlling the VBM display 32.
FIG. 5 shows an alternate embodiment of a slot machine 200 incorporating a VBM display 202 consisting of a segmented circle with lights 204 around its perimeter. These lights are cyclically illuminated in sequence to give the illusion of a rotating wheel. Alternatively, a group of lights can be illuminated briefly, followed in sequence by the illumination of an adjacent group of lights in either a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction. Other illumination schemes are also envisioned as falling within the scope of this invention. For example all segments 205 or lights 204 may be illuminated jointly or in a random fashion. Each segment 205 (corresponding to the rings 66 in FIG. 5) represents a bonus multiplier value.
In both embodiments of VBM displays, the last illuminated bonus multiplier value is determined in step 124 of FIG. 4. Any number of concentric rings 66 or segments 205 may be employed. The weighted RNG for determining a bonus multiplier value can be used to achieve any desired average multiplier value regardless of the number of positions in the physical VBM display.
The present invention can also be used in slot machines which have multiple paylines or which use a CRT or other flat screen display as display area 34 (FIG. 3) to represent the rotation of reels rather than provide actual mechanical reels.
FIG. 6 illustrates a video version of the slot machine of FIGS. 1 and 2. Instead of mechanical reels, simulated reels or other games are shown on a CRT or other display screen 220 by machine 222. The VBM display may also be displayed on screen 220 or on a separate screen 224. Alternatively, the screen 220 and another form of VBM display, such as displays 32 or 202, may be employed in the machine. The operation of machine 222 may be identical to that described with respect to the machine of FIGS. 1 and 2 except for CPU 18 controlling a video display rather than mechanical reels.
Games displayed on screen 220 for which the VBM applies may include poker or any other game. Video poker slot machines are well known and need not be further described herein. An example of a video poker slot machine is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,531,441, incorporated herein by reference.
Sigma Slot Machine Error Codes
The VBM display screen, whether screen 220 or 224, may additionally display other information, as appropriate, including instructions to the player or attention-getting graphics.
The VBM display may be any type of display in addition to those described herein, such as a spinning wheel (either mechanical or electrical).
The activation of the VBM and VBM display in any of the embodiments described herein may be initiated upon any event. Examples include activation of the VBM based upon the number of games played reaching a predetermined number, based upon a random time or randomly selected number of games, based upon a certain poker hand(s) being obtained, based upon a special symbol being displayed, or based upon any other event.
One skilled in the art could easily modify conventional slot machine programs stored in a program memory to incorporate the VBM feature of this invention. One skilled in the art could also easily modify a conventional pay-table ROM to take into account the VBM value when determining a payout. Accordingly, one skilled in the art may implement numerous embodiments of this invention without further technical description.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from this invention in its broader aspects and, therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of this invention.
Sigma Slot Machine Manual
Description
Up for sale is a Sigma SG1 Double Jackpot .25 cent video poker machine. Very nice machine. Everything works properly accept the bill validator is not working properly. Might just need a cleaning. Local pickup preferred. Please note in some of the pictures it looks like their is a streak across the screen. this is only my phone. The screen is perfect with vibrant colors.
The machines are 25+ old refurbished. Due to laws regulating the sale of antique slot machines, I, as the seller, will not sell to members in the states of Alabama, Connecticut, Hawaii, Nebraska, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Bids from members residing in any of these states will be canceled. Buy It Now transactions with buyers residing in these states will be considered void.
